The Butterfly Effect in Data: From p < 0.05 to Chaos in Signal Processing
The butterfly effect, born from chaos theory, reveals how infinitesimal initial changes—like a wing flapping—can trigger vast, unpredictable outcomes. In signal processing, this metaphor underscores the fragility of data interpretations: a tiny noise or perturbation may distort analysis, especially when systems exhibit nonlinear dynamics. Yet statistical significance thresholds like p < 0.05 claim to anchor reliability, marking detectable effects…